{"id":1763,"date":"2020-03-30T13:46:20","date_gmt":"2020-03-30T19:46:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/accesstomexico.mx\/blog\/?p=1763"},"modified":"2020-03-30T13:46:20","modified_gmt":"2020-03-30T19:46:20","slug":"mexicos-plan-to-upgrade-hydropower-plants-faces-hurdles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/accesstomexico.mx\/blog\/mexicos-plan-to-upgrade-hydropower-plants-faces-hurdles\/","title":{"rendered":"Mexico\u2019s Plan to Upgrade Hydropower Plants Faces Hurdles."},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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INTER PRESS SERVICES NEWS AGENCY<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Water security and profitability are the Achilles heels of the plan to modernise 60 hydroelectric plants in Mexico, drawn up by the administration of President Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Most of them are power plants built more than 50 years ago, so the upgrading plan poses technical and feasibility challenges. L\u00f3pez Obrador has insisted on maintaining the hydropower plants, as they are part of Mexico\u2019s heritage, under the control of the state-owned Federal Electricity Commission (CFE).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Astrid Puentes, co-executive director of the non-governmental Interamerican Association for Environmental Defence (AIDA), believes the renovation plan makes sense because it avoids the damage caused by building new plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cModernising and maintaining hydroelectric plants is a good idea. There are some plants that can withstand upgrading and will become more efficient in terms of water use and production,\u201d the activist told IPS in the Mexican capital.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But she warned of the need for \u201cgood basic water planning\u201d that takes into account climate factors, in order to assess whether it is worthwhile refurbishing some of the plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Data from the CFE obtained by IPS indicate that the public company has evaluated the expansion and profitability analysis of 21 dams, as part of the project aimed at rehabilitating or modernising hydropower plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Upgrading infrastructure and equipment would boost the generating power of 18 of these 21 plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The CFE analysed hydrometric data and produced a hydrological and hydro-energy study, an economic evaluation, and an analysis of profitability and social and environmental feasibility, in order to evaluate the situation of each plant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Using these analyses, the CFE calculated the suggested megawatts (MW) and type of turbine to be installed, the result of the annual generation, the percentage obtained with the current conditions of the plants, the levelised cost of the electricity, the cost\/benefit ratio of the plants and their profitability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this Latin American nation of 130 million people, there are some 4,900 public and private dams and reservoirs used for electricity, irrigation and fishing, among other uses, according to the government\u2019s National Institute of Electricity and Clean Energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of these, at least 101 generate electricity, with an average age of 47 years and an average capacity of 147 MW.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The CFE runs at least 84 of them, with a total power capacity exceeding 11,000 MW.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The CFE is considering expanding and modernising four plants with a capacity of between 10 and 72 MW and another 17 plants with a capacity ranging from less than one MW to 51 MW, while it is evaluating the profitability of nine large plants in the southern state of Chiapas and the western state of Michoac\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is also studying the relaunch of the Las Rosas power plant in the central state of Quer\u00e9taro, which was built in 1949 and is completely inoperative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the view of Daniel Chac\u00f3n, energy director of the non-governmental Mexican Climate Initiative, the refurbishing of hydropower plants is highly beneficial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s one of our pending tasks. You have to take into account that the reservoirs gradually fill up with sediment and shrink in size over the years. A selection should be made as to which dams are worth investing in, depending on their age and on how much their capacity has declined,\u201d he told IPS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chac\u00f3n pointed out that productivity depends on the rainfall regime, the end use of the water, and the level of sedimentation of the reservoir and how clogged up the pipes are.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In its 2020 budget, the CFE allocated at least 116 million dollars for the replacement of machinery and the rehabilitation of hydroelectric plants under its control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In December 2018, when he began his six-year term, L\u00f3pez Obrador announced an agreement with the Canadian public company Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec to modernise 60 plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The effects of drought on the reservoirs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Mexico\u2019s hydroelectric system faces the threat of drought, one of the consequences of the climate crisis unleashed by the extraction and burning of fossil fuels and to which Mexico is highly vulnerable, as the world\u2019s 12th largest producer of hydrocarbons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 210 biggest reservoirs in the country can hold up to 84,500 cubic hectometres (hm3, millions of metres), compared to a maximum ordinary water level of 12,500 hm3, according to data from the government\u2019s National Water Commission (Conagua).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conagua\u2019s latest report on the subject stated that on Mar. 16, five reservoirs were full to capacity, 76 were between 75 and 100 percent in volume, 68 were between 50 and 75 percent, and 22 were less than 50 percent. At least five of Mexico\u2019s 32 states report critically low water levels in their reservoirs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In February, Conagua transferred 100 million cubic metres of water from a dam in the northern state of Nuevo Le\u00f3n to another reservoir in neighbouring Tamaulipas state because of the drought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Several strips of Mexico\u2019s Atlantic coast are suffering from severe and extreme drought, according to the National Drought Monitor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Energy transition makes uneven progress<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the progress made in expanding the use of renewable energies, Mexico\u2019s energy mix remains heavily dependent on fossil fuels. In the first quarter of 2019, gross generation totaled 80,225 gigawatt-hours (Gwh), up from 78,167 in the same period last year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gas-fired combined cycle plants produced 40,094, conventional thermoelectric plants 9,306 and carboelectric plants 6,265.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hydroelectric plants accounted for 5,137 Gwh, wind farms 4,285, nuclear power plants 2,382 and solar stations 1,037. The greatest increase was in renewable sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the start of his term, L\u00f3pez Obrador has opted to fortify the state monopolies of the CFE and the Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex) oil company, thus favouring fossil fuels over renewables. And he has stated that he will not shut down power plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He cancelled the call for auctions of long-term contracts for electricity supply that allowed private companies to build wind and solar power plants and sell the energy to the CFE for 15 to 20 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But hydroelectricity cannot compete economically with wind and solar power, although it can serve as a back-up during peak consumption hours and reservoirs can serve as storage during critical periods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 2015 Energy Transition Law stipulates that clean energy must account for 25 percent of the electricity generated by 2018, 30 percent by 2021 and 35 percent by 2024. Counting hydropower and nuclear energy, the country has no problem reaching these goals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With respect to the plan for modernising hydropower plants, Puentes and Chac\u00f3n warned of the risk posed by drought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe should not depend on, or increase our dependence on, hydroelectric plants. The essential life span of these plants must be reassessed. We have not seen a plan to dismantle others either, which is what countries like the United States are doing. Dams that don\u2019t generate electricity can serve as regulators and prevent floods and droughts,\u201d Puentes said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For his part, Chac\u00f3n said that during times of drought, the water from the reservoirs goes to agricultural producers and cannot be used to generate electricity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe need to look at other renewable energies, like solar and wind. With more efficient turbines and generators, hydroelectric generation can become more efficient. The plants and reservoirs can be used for backup and energy storage. In Mexico that will become unavoidable at some point,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prodesen, which is not considering shutting down plants, projects that Mexico will need 66,912 additional MW to meet electricity demand in the period 2018-2032, which implies an investment of 68 billion dollars over the next 15 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In that period, the additional hydroelectric capacity planned is three percent, or 2,213 MW. By 2022, hydropower is to represent 13 percent of the national total and in 2032, 11 percent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Aztec worldview, Tlaloc was the god of rain and the one they worshipped to thank for rainfall. Perhaps their descendants will have to pray to him again to fill the reservoirs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

INTER PRESS SERVICES NEWS AGENCY Water security and profitability are the Achilles heels of the plan to modernise 60 hydroelectric plants in Mexico, drawn up by the administration of President Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador. Most of them are power plants […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","clearfix"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/accesstomexico.mx\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1763","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/accesstomexico.mx\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/accesstomexico.mx\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/accesstomexico.mx\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/accesstomexico.mx\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1763"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/accesstomexico.mx\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1763\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1765,"href":"https:\/\/accesstomexico.mx\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1763\/revisions\/1765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/accesstomexico.mx\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1763"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/accesstomexico.mx\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1763"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/accesstomexico.mx\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1763"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}